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Sodium nitroprusside is an inorganic compound with the formula Na2(), usually encountered as the dihydrate, Na2()·2H2O.〔 〕 This red-colored sodium salt dissolves in water ethanol to give solutions containing the free complex dianion ()2−. This compound is used as a drug. In this role it is abbreviated SNP, and it has tradenames like Nitropress. It acts as a drug by releasing nitric oxide; it belongs to the class of NO-releasing drugs as a result. This drug is used as a vasodilator to reduce blood pressure. Sodium nitroprusside is also used as an analytical reagent for the detection of methyl ketones, and for the detection of amines that are often found in illicit drugs. ==Medical use== Sodium nitroprusside is primarily used as a vasodilator. It was first used in human medicine in 1928. By 1955, data on its safety during short-term use in patients with severe hypertension had become available.〔 Despite this, due to difficulties in its chemical preparation, it was not finally approved by the US FDA until 1974 for the treatment of severe hypertension.〔 By 1993, its popularity had grown such that total sales in the US had totalled US$2 million.〔 Sodium nitroprusside has potent vasodilating effects in arterioles and venules (arterioles more than venules, but this selectivity is much less marked than that of nitroglycerin, which acts preferentially at venous smooth muscle) as a result of its breakdown to nitric oxide (NO). It is intravenously infused in cases of acute hypertensive crises.〔 Its therapeutic effects are usually seen within a few minutes. Nitric oxide reduces both total peripheral resistance and venous return, thus decreasing both preload and afterload. So, it can be used in severe congestive heart failure where this combination of effects can act to increase cardiac output. In situations where cardiac output is normal, the effect is to reduce blood pressure.〔〔 It is sometimes also used to induce hypotension (to reduce bleeding) for surgical procedures (for which it is also FDA, TGA, and MHRA labelled).〔〔 This compound has also been successfully used as a treatment for aortic valve stenosis, erythromelalgia, oesophageal varices, severe pyrexia (fever), lactic acidosis, myocardial infarction, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn, shock,〔 cerebral vasospasm, ergot toxicity, and ventricular septal defects. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sodium nitroprusside」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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